应对重大突发事件的规划反思

文章通过解析新型冠状病毒肺炎事件所暴露出来的城市规划建设短板,剖析国土空间规划存在的综合体系性问题和应急要素性问题,在此基础上结合国土空间规划改革的总体要求,对规划方法、应急保障类规划编制及社区空间治理等方面的内容进行思考,并提出相关建议,以期对相关规划有所参考。     

冲突事件在建筑工程项目中的表现形式及影响

建筑工程项目中的冲突事件给项目的顺利实施带来了许多不利影响,并呈现出随机性特征。为揭示其规律,在实地调研的基础上,通过定性和定量分析相结合的方法,用表现强度这一新概念揭示了冲突事件在建筑工程项目各阶段内部的表现规律。基于AHP原理,建立了各阶段冲突事件的判断矩阵,并依据判断矩阵的特征根,分析了各阶段冲突事件累积效应对建筑工程项目所带来的影响,并在一致性检验中得到了满意的结果。最后,依据调查结果的统计数据,描述了冲突事件在建筑工程项目整个生命期的分布状态。这一研究结果对预测建筑工程项目冲突、把握项目全局、避免和减少冲突事件的发生、提高建筑工程项目管理水平具有较高的理论价值和实用价值。     

Smart City Planning from an Evolutionary Perspective

ABSTRACT

In the theory of urban development, the evolutionary perspective is becoming dominant. Cities are understood as complex systems shaped by bottom-up processes with outcomes that are hard to foresee and plan for. This perspective is strengthened by the current turn towards smart cities and the intensive use of digital technologies to optimize urban ecosystems. This paper extends the evolutionary thinking and emerging dynamics of cities to smart city planning. It is based on recent efforts for a smart city strategy in Thessaloniki that enhances the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of the city. Taking advantage of opportunities offered by the IBM Smarter Cities Challenge, the Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities, the World Bank, and the EU Horizon 2020 Program, Thessaloniki shaped a strategy for an inclusive economy, resilient infrastructure, participatory governance, and open data. This process, however, does not have the usual features of planning. It reveals the complex dimension of smart city planning as a synthesis of technologies, user engagement, and windows of opportunity, which are fuzzy at the start of the planning process. The evolutionary features of cities, which until now were ascribed to the working of markets, are now shaping the institutional aspects of planning for smart cities.     

Turbidity dynamics during spring storm events in an urban headwater river system: the Upper Tame, West Midlands, UK

Turbidity is an important water quality variable, through its relation to light suppression, BOD impact, sediment-associated contaminant transport, and suspended sediment effects on organisms and habitats. Yet few published field investigations of wet-weather turbidity dynamics, through several individual and sequenced rainstorms in extremely urbanised headwater basins, have emerged. This paper aims to address this gap through a turbidity analysis of multiple storm events in spring 2001 in an urban headwater basin (57 km2) of the River Tame, central England, the most urbanised basin for its size in the UK ( approximately 42%). Data were collected at 15-min frequency at automated monitoring stations for rainfall, streamflow and six water quality variables (turbidity, EC, temperature, DO, pH, ammonia). Disturbance experiments also allowed estimates of bed sediment storage to be obtained. Six important and unusual features of the storm event turbidity response were apparent: (1) sluggish early turbidity response, followed by a turbidity 'rush'; (2) quasi-coincident flow and turbidity peaks; (3) anti-clockwise hysteresis in the discharge-turbidity relationship on all but one event, resulting from Falling-LImb Turbidity Extensions (FLITEs); (4) increases in peak turbidity levels through storm sequences; (5) initial micro-pulses (IMP) in turbidity; and (6) secondary turbidity peaks (STP) or 'turbidity shoulders' (TS). These features provided very little evidence of a true 'first-flush' effect: instead, substantial suspended solids transport continued right through the flow recessions, and little storm-event sediment exhaustion was evident. A new, dimensionless, hysteresis index, HI(mid), is developed to quantify the magnitude and direction of hysteresis in a simple, clear, direct and intuitive manner. This allowed the degree of departure from the classic 'first-flush', clockwise hysteresis models to be assessed. Of the 15 turbidity events considered, 10 coincided with ammonia spikes of up to 6.25 mg l(-1) at Water Orton (the downstream station): this suggests that spills from combined sewer overflows (CSO) or waste water treatment works (WwTWs) are significant in the throughput of turbid waters here. Substantial ammonia peaks related most strongly to total storm rainfall receipt, of four rainfall variables considered, and significant ammonia peaks were generated even from low-magnitude storms (rainfall totals <4 mm), indicating that spills are a frequent occurrence. Local bed sediment stores appear to be limited, suggesting that other distal sediment sources, such as road networks and old mineworkings are possibly more important. Biofilms may also play a part in delaying sediment release until late in the hydrograph, and in suppressing late spring turbidity levels. Existing first-flush models appear to be an oversimplification here. Such urban headwater basin responses can provide useful insights into the generation of contaminant waves, and offer vital early-warning systems for pollution events propagating downstream.     

用时变功率谱拟合地震动

Kameda利用多重滤波技术计算地震动的时变功率谱 ,建立了合成地震加速度模型 ,Sugito发展了此模型预测岩石场地地震动。本文作者以他们的工作为基础所建议的模型 ,适用于给定设计谱的各类场地的非平稳地震动的合成 ,且所预测的地震动的反应谱能近似于场址设计谱。     

大型洞室群稳定性与优化的并行进化神经网络有限元方法研究--第二部分:实例研究

利用作者提出的并行进化神经网络有限元方法对水布垭地下厂房进行了软岩置换方案的优化及稳定性分析。结果表明，该方法具有极大的全局搜索和快速收敛的优势．实例给出了最优的置换方案和置换步骤，通过最优方案的有限元与神经网络的计算比较表明，该方法是合理的。同时，提出了施工的合理化建议。     

疫情防控常态化下居民公园出行意愿影响 因素研究——一个条件过程模型检验

在疫情防控常态化背景下,了解居民对城市综合性 公园的出行意愿有利于公园管理运营合理化发展。基于事件 强度认知与计划行为理论,以风险传播为调节变量构建结构 方程模型,探讨影响居民公园出行意愿的机制。结果表明： 1)在新冠疫情强度认知中,居民的新颖性认知无法影响公园出 行意愿,但会负向影响公园出行态度,而颠覆性认知与关键性 认知均能够正向影响居民公园出行意愿与态度;2)居民对于 公园出行的态度、主观规范与感知行为控制均能正向影响公园 出行意愿;3)在新颖性认知和关键性认知2条影响公园出行意 愿的路径中,态度均起到中介作用;4)风险传播在“态度→ 出行意愿”和“主观规范→出行意愿”2条路径中均起到负向 调节作用     

民用飞机单粒子翻转问题研究

单粒子翻转(Single Event Upset,SEU)效应是机载复杂电子硬件设计所必须考虑的重要问题,对SEU效应进行了描述,分析了复杂电子设备经常用到的芯片类型(专用集成电路器件、反熔丝FPGA、SRAM型FPGA、Flash型FPGA)及其优缺点,总结了三模冗余、纠错码、擦洗、系统监控这四种常见的SEU减缓技术,对于国内民机机载复杂电子硬件的设计具有参考意义。     

基于博弈演化算法的PMU最优配置方法

为实现电力系统可观测性,提出一种新的相量测量单元(PMU)配置方法,即基于博弈论的演化算法。该算法将寻找PMU最优配置方案的问题映射为理性主体寻求自身利益最大化的博弈过程,PMU最优配置方案即对应于博弈中的纳什均衡解。其突出优点是演化方向确定、全局收敛性好、收敛速度快、解具有多样性。应用该算法在IEEE 30节点、新英格兰39节点、某128节点系统进行仿真计算,与深度优化算法、模拟退火算法和最小生成树算法的结果进行比较,说明了该算法的可行性及优势。     

西班牙奎瓦斯圣玛丽亚修道院和皮克曼陶瓷工厂的保护利用

介绍圣玛丽亚修道院和皮克曼陶瓷工厂发展的历史,以1992年塞维利亚世博会大事件的契机,通过对其进行保护和改造,将历史文化积淀转化为区域发展的资源,最终实现历史文化环境的更新以及自身的保护和可持续发展。